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Description of constructive system

„PREFABRICATED BUILDING STRUCTURE AND MODULATES FOR INDICIDUAL DWELLINGS”

Patent registered at OSIM (Patents and Trademarks State Office) Romania under no. RO 125977 A2 published in BOPI no.1/2011, author PhD Eng. Victor HAGIU

    Fig. 1                                       Fig. 2    

Fig. 3

 

   

Fig.5

R_T = 5 m²K/w

                 

House projects

Housing with free project

Services// Offered services

A. Design and execution of residential buildings
B. Consulting service in constructions
C. Coordination on site
D. Technician responsible with the execution (rte)
E. Person responsible with the current and special monitoring of the behavior in the management of constructions

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A. DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Any type of structural frame.

The design and the execution include heating, sanitary and electric plants;

The design and execution guarantees very high energetically performances by the means of:

- Advanced technical solutions for the thermal protection of the building;
- High performance solutions in order to provide heating and warm water;
- Sanitary plants using special piping having physical and mechanical features better than copper but with a lower price than copper;
- LED lightning;

- Location: Bucium region, Nicolae Ion Popa Street, No.11
- The structural frame and the composition of the closing elements have as basis the OSIM patent No. E.04 B.1/19/200900527 author, PhD. Engineer Victor Hagiu

Bellow we present to you some photos of this residential building:


"The House with Large Energetic Independence - LOLIe" has the following features:

• High thermal resistance of the tire 4.8m²K°/W
• External PVC-carpentry with 3 sheets of glass
• Condensing boiler GASSOLAR ROTEX type GSU 520 S
• Solar panels ROTEX V26 A
• Floor heating ROTEX MONOPEX

Caracteristiciile mau sus mentionate au condus la urmatorul rezultat: reducerea consumului energetic pentru incalzire si prepararea apei calde cu peste 70%.

Va punem la dispozitie cunostintele si experienta noastra pentru a va construi o locuinta cu aceleasi performante ca LOLIe. Cresterea dramatica a preturilor la energie va obliga sa luati in consideratie oferta noastra.

Our principle, which we would like you to join also, is: Energetic resource: • the cheapest one;• the most durable; • the most non-polluting. TO SAVE ENERGY (in all forms and in all phases, the design, execution and the home use).

B. CONSULTING SERVICES IN CONSTRUCTIONS

Because there are completely wrong opinions which distort the true content of the consulting activities, we will make the following observations.
From the beginning we specify (being aware of the realities in Romania) that, due to ignorance, the consulting „is completely missing” in Romania. In countries with high economic level (from Europe, North America, Asia) the consulting activity in constructions is applied with success, first of all for the interest of the beneficiary. The consulting activity in constructions is the one that guarantees the quality and the best price for the investment of the beneficiary. The one that proposes this documentation developed consulting activities in Europe and Asia (United Arab Emirates), expressing in this way an informed opinion.
Next, we will answer to the essential questions in order to convince you to seek advice, if you intend to make an investment in constructions.

• What is the activity of consulting in constructions?
• Who can ensure the activity of consulting in constructions?
• Why is necessary the activity of consulting in constructions?
• Which are the benefits of the activity of consulting in constructions?

B.1. What is the activity of consulting in constructions?

It is the activity of a (natural/legal) person, named consultant, who has good technical and economic knowledge, resulted from the high academic formation and the rich practical experience, in the field of constructions and puts this knowledge in the service of a person, named beneficiary, who intends to invest in order to execute a construction.

The technical and economical knowledge are particularly complex, because they refer to all the elements of a construction (foundations, structural frame, finishing) and elements of the plants (thermal, sanitary, electrical), elements of different nature and complexity, that must be correlated with the competence and imagination so that the construction, in its assembly to have assured the optimal functioning at the price available for the beneficiary.

We insist upon the issue construction functioning because, in our concept, the purpose of the activity of construction is not to make constructions, but to execute constructions that function the best during the period of use (extremely long duration, the longest duration of use a thing). The construction functioning depends on the functioning mode of each element of construction and of each element of the plant.

From this moment, we declare our adhesion for the principle of functionality (called also the principle of the utility) as being the essential principle (primary) in the design and execution of the constructions. Consequently, we subordinate the aesthetic aspect to the functional one. The aesthetic aspect “the beauty in constructions” is a questionable goal. The functional aspect (related to all the elements of construction and plants) is a measurable goal by the means of physical, mechanical and economical dimensions. In the same time, we are the followers of the performance in constructions, expressed through that construction, to which the functional aspect is covered with a “beautiful coat”!! But not opposite, “a coat” no matter how beautiful would be, if it is “tight” or the wind blows through it, it won’t be useful. The most relevant parameter through which the functionality of a construction will be completely expressed, that integrates all the technical and economical dimensions of this is the Global Cost, given by the relation:

CG= Cpf+ Cex + Ci [ lei, for 10 years ]

in which:

Cpf – the cost of implementation, respectively

Cpf = Cpr+Cr [ lei ],

in which

Cpr - the cost of design [ lei ]

Cr – the cost of execution of the construction, respectively the final estimate [ lei ]

Cex – the cost of operation (use) [lei, for 10 years]. In this cost is included: the cost of heating – cooling (air conditioning) and of warm house water (Ciac), the cost of drinking water (Cap), the cost for energy, the cost of the wastewater discharge.

Cex = Ciac + Cap+ Cen + Ceauz [ lei, for 10 years ]

It can be easily observed that Cex must be elaborated for a period of 10 years, because this period of time is not considered relevant by us for all the terms within the structure of this cost (Ciac, Cap, Cee, Ceauz).

Ci – the costs of the maintenance works and current repairs for the construction and plant elements [lei, for 10 years]. This category of costs refers to the works for the restoration of the interior-exterior paintings – dye works, the restoration (change) of gutters – pipes, change of a category of pieces of the heating plants and for warm water preparation etc.

It is clear that the technical solutions for the construction and plant elements determine the cost of this in the moment of implementation but also the functioning costs (operating/use) and the maintenance costs. A cheap technical solution for the implementation (Cpf) will have a reduced duration (reliability) and very high operating (Cex) and maintenance costs (Ci). The most obvious example (from more) is the execution of the closings of a building with reduced thermal protection, that will have a reduced cost in the moment of implementation but will determine high costs for heating – cooling!!

The answer to the simple question (which is frequently asked): How much costs the “making” of the house, respectively which is the Cpf, cannot be something else than an untrue answer.

Within the design stage, including the feasibility study, the activity of consulting will represent in a strict way and with the competence the interest of the beneficiary, in the elaboration by the designer of the building solutions, the dimensioning and the composition of the construction and plant elements, and finally the project will finish with the documentation regarding CG, for one or more versions. Only in this way, the beneficiary will know being aware of this) how much will cost the functionality of construction, in fact the living in the construction. Or, in other situations, the beneficiary, who has a financial balance, through the consulting activity will have the warranty to obtain the execution of construction and the best functionality.

In faza de realizare (executie) a constructiei, bazata pe proiectul avand continutul mai sus prezentat, activitatea de consultanta consta in:

• Supravegherea, controlul si confirmarea executiei elementelor de constructie si instalatii avand forma, dimensiunile si structura in stricta concordanta cu proiectul;
  
• Supravegherea, controlul si confirmarea executiei elementelor de constructie cu materialele prevazute in proiect;
  
• Supravegherea, controlul si confirmarea executiei elementelor de constructie cu respectarea stricta a tehnologiei de executie prevazuta in proiect si actele normative corespunzatoare fiecarui proces;
  
• In situatii neprevazute, dispune decizii prin care proiectantul modifica cantitati din proiect, completeaza si modifica solutiile tehnice din proiect;
  
• Controlul si confirmarea executiei cantitative si calitative a lucrarilor in vederea platii de catre beneficiar prin situatii de lucrari partiale pe parcursul executiei constructiei;
  
• Participarea la receptia la terminarea lucrarilor si la receptia finala ca reprezentant legal al beneficiarului

B.2. Cine poate sa asigure activitate de consultanta in constructii?

Consultant competent poate fi o persoana fizica, lucrand independent ca persoana fizica autorizata sau in cadrul unei firme, daca intruneste urmatoarele conditii:

• Are pregatire tehnica de nivel ridicat prin dobandirea titlului de doctor inginer cu specialitatea constructii civile, industriale si agricole, pentru consultanta in acest domeniu. Pentru lucrari de drumuri, doctor inginer in domeniul cai de comunicatii rutiere. Etc.
• Are pregatire economica solida in economia contructiilor, dobandita prin studii economice in cadrul unei universitati de prestigiu, avand titlul de economist;
• Are titlu academic de conferentiar/profesor, sustinut si de bogata activitate in domeniul in care va asigura consultanta: constructii civile si industriale, drumuri, poduri, etc.
• Are bogata activitate practica in domeniul in care va asigura consultanta : constructii civile si industriale, drumuri, etc.
• Are autoritate profesionala cunoscuta si recunoscuta pe plan national, care reprezinta confirmarea pregatirii stiintifice, academice si practice mai sus mentionate;
• Are autoritate morala cunoscuta si recunoscuta pe plan national;

Este important sa insistam asupra pregatirii si cunostintelor solide tehnice si economice ale unui consultant in constructii. Activitatea de construire este rezultatul unui numar foarte mare de procese de contructie si instalatii de natura si complexitate extrem de diferite. Fiecare proces are doua componente, componenta (structura)tehnica si componenta(structura) economica. Analiza fiecarui proces, cu cele doua componente intr-o puternica dependenta de complementaritate si determinare, necesita cunostinte solide de tehnologia – organizarea proceselor si de economie privind formarea costului – pretului proceselor de constructie.

Acest bagaj de cunostinte se regaseste in disciplina "Ingineria Costurilor in Constructii", despre care unii vorbesc dar nu stiu despre ce vorbesc. Ingineria Costurilor in Constructii nu se reduce la a prelua din diverse surse de informatii si a introduce preturi la materiale, forta de munca, utilaje in structura articolelor din Indicatoarele de Norme de Deviz in vederea aplicarii unui program automat de calcul (de exemplu Windev) . Continutul articolelor din Indicatoarele de Norme de deviz poate fi folosit orientativ, dar trebuie adaptate la conditiile reale,tehnologice, organizatorice, economice. Ingineria Costurilor in Constructii este o activitate de creatie (numai asa este inginerie) care necesita conceperea mai multor variante pentru o situatie (santier) data si alegerea variantei optime in functie de conditiile mentionate mai sus. Numai in acest mod costul va reprezenta expresia reala a consumurilor de materiale, forta de munca, utilaje.

Consultantul in constructii, avand pregatirea si experienta mai sus mentionate , va putea sa indeplineasca cu competenta urmatoarele doua obligatii majore:

a) Reprezentant legal si de incredere al BENEFICIARULUI, in fapt sfatuitorul si administratorul afacerii acestuia in cadrul procesului investitional pentru realizarea unei constructii, prin:

a.1. Controlul, avizarea continutului proiectului, avizarea platii proiectului;
a.2. Controlul, avizarea calitatii si cantitatii proceselor executate, avizarea platii executiei.

b) Autoritatea profesionala care asigura legatura si armonizarea activitatilor proiectantului (entitate distincta) si executantului (entitate distincta) astfel incat rezultatul acestor activitati sa fie orientate spre interesul beneficiarului, realizarea unei constructii care sa corespunda tehnic – functional si financiar cu cerintele beneficiarului.

B.3. De ce este necesara activitatea de consultanta in constructii?

Inaintea prezentarii raspunsurilor argumentate la aceasta intrebare vom prezenta urmatoarea opinie frecvent expusa de proiectanti/executanti de constructii:

"Va voi proiecta / executa aceasta constructie(casa) ca si cum ar fi pentru mine"

Consideram aceasta opinie o aberatie. Un proiectant/executant trebuie sa proiecteze/execute constructia solicitata de un beneficiar avand tot timpul in vedere interesul – cerintele – optiunile acestuia. Nu interesul proiectantului/ executantului izvorat din orgolii profesionale sau interes financiar. Din nefericire exista numeroase asemenea situatii pe care le vom prezenta in continuare.

Opinia noastra se situeaza pe pozitie total diferita fata de opinia aberanta mai sus prezentata. Aceasta opinie este argumentata si prin necesitatea prezentei consultantului, care are ca sarcina principala supravegherea elaborarii proiectului si executia acestuia sa fie realizate numai in interesul beneficiarului.

Sa analizam situatia actuala, fara consultant, a relatiei BENEFICIAR-PROIECTANT , BENEFICIAR–EXECUTANT.

Proiectantul, este entitate distincta care realizeaza serviciu de proiectare, concretizat in elaborarea Proiectului Tehnic(PT), cu toate detaliile de executie si lista cantitatilor de lucrari asociata acestora, la solicitarea unui beneficiar.Serviciu de proiectare are la baza un contract in care onorariul este stabilit ca procent (in general 3%-5%) din valoarea lucrarilor estimata prin deviz corespunzator listei cantitatilor de lucrari. In consecinta proiectantul este (normal) tentat in a supradimensiona elementele de constructie, a propune solutii constructive scumpe (prin utilizarea unor materiale scumpe dar nejustificate din punctul de vedere al proprietatilor fizice si mecanice, sau solutii care determina costuri foarte ridicate datorita tehnologiei de executie) sau solutii arhitecturale nefunctionale care vor determina costuri mari in exploatarea constructiei.

Astfel, onorariu de proiectare va fi mai mare prin aplicarea cotei procentuale la valoarea mai mare a proiectului. Practica ofera nenumarate asemenea situatii. Mai jos sunt expuse exemple de asemenea situatii:

Executantul , denumit antreprenor, este entitate distincta care realizeaza activitate de construire concretizata in materializarea fizica a Proiectului Tehnic (PT). Activitatea de construire are la baza un contract de antrepriza generala sau partiala (pe subansambluri: structura de rezistenta, finisaje, instalatii sanitare, instalati termice) prin care executantul se angajeaza sa execute P.T. in baza unui onorariu precizat prin contract. Devizul oferta prezentat beneficiarului, are un capitol de cheltuieli „Beneficiu” (in general 5%-7%). Acest „beneficiu” se imbunatateste prin mai multe procedee:

• Nerespectarea dimensiunilor, formei sau structurii elementelor de constructie/instalatii;
• Nerespectarea tehnologiei de executie stabilita prin continutul articolelor de deviz si/sau acte normative;
• Inlocuirea unor materiale cu altele mai ieftine si cu calitati indoielnice.

Practica ofera nenumarate asemenea „procedee”.

Eliminarea acestor situatii paguboase pentru BENEFICIAR, rezultate din activitatea de proiectare si/sau din activitatea de construire, este posibila prin prezenta si activitatea consultantului competent, acea persoana care indeplineste conditiile enuntate in capitolul B2.

B.4. Care sunt avantajele activitatii de consultanta in constructii?

Parcurgerea capitolelor anterioare (ce este consultanta in constructii, cine poate sa asigure consultanta in constructii, de ce este necesara consultanta in constructii ) permite identificarea cu usurinta a avantajelor consultantei in constructii.

Vom face o sinteza a acestor avantaje. In opinia noastra avantajele se pot grupa in doua categorii: economice si psihologice.

Avantajele economice sunt cele mai evidente si (poate) cele mai importante, rezultand din:

In faza de intentie de a investi in realizarea unei constructii, consultantul (va fi sfatuitorul) beneficiarului astfel incat acesta sa-si formuleze clar, corect si coerent cerintele bazate pe necesitati reale si posibilitati financiare reale.

In faza de proiectare prin

Analiza mai multor variante de solutii structurale si identificarea celei mai bune variante in conditiile tehnice si economice specifice amplasamentului.

Eliminarea exagerarilor si stabilirea dimensiunilor elementelor structurale in limite stricte ale asigurarii rezistentei si stabilitatii.

Evaluarea stricta a necesarului energetic in vederea adoptarii solutiei optime pentru alcatuirea elementelor de inchidere si a sistemului pentru asigurarea caldurii si apei calde.

Etc., etc.

In faza de executie

Controlul strict al calitatii materialelor utilizate;.

Controlul strict al executiei privind forma, structura si dimensiunile elementelor de constructie si instalatii;.

Controlul strict al respectarii tehnologiilor de executie a proceselor, in stricta concordanta cu actele normative si eliminarea practicii actuale in baza „filozofiei” ca „se poate si asa” (!!).

- Experienta noastra ne permite sa evaluam economii intre 10%-35% din valoarea proiectului realizat fara prezenta si interventia consultantului, rezultate din identificarea si eliminarea situatiilor mai sus prezentate de catre un consultant competent. In afara acestor situatii considerate „normale”(!) sunt situatii pe care le putem denumi ca fiind „catastrofale” din punct de vedere economic la care remedierile greselilor depasesc cu mult procentele mai sus mentionate.

Prezentam cateva exemple de situatii „normale” si unele „catastrofale” din punct de vedere economic.



Un calcul sumar arata ca stalpii actuali cu sectiunea de 50 cm x 50 cm puteau fi redusi la sectiunea 30 cm x 30 cm Pentru un numar de 20 de stalpi ar rezulta o reducere a volumului de beton armat cu 35%.


Proiectantul a propus si executantul a realizat un acoperis in forma cilindrica (dupa cum se observa in imaginile de mai sus). Aceasta solutie (care are o importanta deosebita in functionarea normala a constructiei) este in totala contradictie cu normativele din Romania privind forma si alcatuirea acoperisurilor . Un aspect esential in acest sens este cel privitor la evacuarea cat mai rapida a zapezii de pe acoperis. Zapada este incarcarea principala care sta la baza dimensionarii elementelor structurale ale acoperisului . In situatia actuala, mentinerea incarcarii din zapada pe acoperis, un timp indelungat pana la topire, reprezinta un pericol pentru rezistenta si stabilitatea acoperisului. Pentru a evita acest pericol normativele din Romania nu recomanda acest tip de acoperis. Acest aspect trebuie sa-l stie si sa-l ia in consideratie proiectantul. Solutia propusa de proiectant este valabila in tari unde nu exista zapada. Pe de alta parte, in situatia actuala, beneficiarul este obligat sa urce pe acoperis si sa evacueze zapada. Cum?? In consecinta solutia proiectantului (indragostit de aspectul estetic) este total nefunctionala.


Investitia include in proiectul tehnic, capitolul "Drumuri si platforme"articolul: DZ.30F1. Beton ciment pentru platforme marca B400 preparat in instalatii centralizate 63.000 m2

Controlul executiei prin dirigintele de santier (???) a "lipsit cu desavarsire". Nu exista in documentatia de executie rezultatele probelor de laborator pentru beton turnat in platforme, in stricta concordanta cu prevederile normativelor in rigoare. Aceste lipsuri grave privind controlul executiei au condus la o situatie „catastrofala”. Dupa 3 ani de la data receptiei la terminarea lucrarilor, peste 70% din suprafata platformelor s-a transformat in platforme de balast!!! Situatia este prezentata prin fotografiile de mai sus. Cauza este evidenta, executantul a preparat si a pus in opera un beton de marca inferioara. Din expertiza efectuata de prof.dr.ing. Victor Hagiu a rezultat un beton B100!!!


In cele doua imagini de mai sus este prezentat modul de executie al zidariei. Se constata executia total incorecta si paguboasa pentru beneficiar datorita lipsei mortarului din rosturile verticale. In aceasta situatie comportarea zidariei la actiuni seismice este deficitara, punand in pericol rezistenta si stabilitatea casei. Cauza rezulta din faptul ca lucrarea a fost executata la „negru” fara un control competent asupra executiei (!?)

Sistemul de asigurare cu caldura si apa calda prevede o centrala termica care transfera agentul termic la 4 cladiri, la distante intre 50-100m, printr-o retea de conducte metalice amplasate in subteran. Reteaua de conducte este amplasata subteran la o adancime de ~ 1,00 m. La elaborarea proiectului s-a efectuat studiu geo, cu care prilej nu s-a identificat panza de apa pana la adancimea de 6,00 m, desi investitia este in apropierea unei ape curgatoare importante. Elaborarea proiectului, inclusiv studiul geo s-a efectuat intr-un an secetos. La 2 ani de la punerea in functiune nivelul apelor subterane a crescut pana la 50-60 cm fata de nivelul terenului natural. In consecinta conductele termice subterane se afla in apa (dupa cum se poate observa in imaginile de mai jos):


La 5 ani de la punerea in functiune a investitiei toata reteaua termica subterana este compromisa. Greseala grava rezulta din faptul ca proiectantul nu a efectuat un studiu hidrologic, pe o perioada lunga de timp, din care ar fi aflat ca nivelul apelor subterane are variatii foarte mari. Situatie grava cu consecinte "catastrofale" din punct de vedere economic. Remedierea situatiei necesita o investitie imensa pentru schimbarea totala a retelei de distributie a agentului termic.

Avantajele psihologice rezulta din eliminarea stresului pe care il implica responsabilitatile ce decurg din ansamblul actiunilor legate de realizarea unei investitii in constructii. Stresul rezulta, firesc, din necunoasterea tuturor amanuntelor tehnice si economice ale unei asemenea investitii. Toate aceste responsabilitati sunt preluate de consultantul competent.

C. DIRIGENTIE DE SANTIER

Activitatea de dirigentie de santier se bazeaza pe Autorizatia Nr. 00024447/2011 emisa de Inspectoratul de Stat in Constructii pe numele prof.dr.inginer constructor, economist Victor Hagiu. Autorizatia acopera urmatoarele domenii:

- Consolidare si restaurare monumente isctorice- toate domeniile de importanta ;

- Constructii civile, industriale si agricole – categoria de importanta A.

Activitatea de dirigentie de santier, este o activitate complexa, din punct de vedere tehnic si economic. Prof.dr. inginer, economist Victor Hagiu, impreuna cu un colectiv de personal cu inalta calificare, va garanteaza o activitate de dirigentie competenta, prompta si eficienta.

D. RESPONSABIL TEHNIC CU EXECUTIA (RTE)

Activitatea de RTE se bazeaza pe Autorizatia nr.2865/27.06.1996, emisa MLPAT pe numele prof.dr.inginer, economist Victor Hagiu. Autorizatia se refera la domeniile Constructii Civile, Industriale si Agricole, pentru urmatoarele exigente : rezistenta si stabilitate, siguranta in exploatare, siguranta la foc, sanatatea oamenilor si protectia mediului, izolare termica, hidrofuga si economia de energie, protectia impotriva zgomotului.

Activitatea responsabilului RTE competent are o mare importanta in activitatea executantului lucrarilor de construire. Activitatea acestuia concretizata in executia unui numar de procese de construire, de o mare diversitate si complexitatea diferita trebuie sa aiba la baza prevederile actelor normative corespunzatoare acestor procese. Actele normative sunt extrem de numeroase, pe care un executant nu le are sau le are dar aplicabilitatea lor necesita adaptari la conditiile santierului. Prezenta responsabilului RTE competent va reprezenta pentru antreprenor garantia ca executia lucrarilor se va face in stricta concordanta cu actele normative si astfel garantia recunoasterii si platii lucrarilor executate.

Prezenta prof.dr.inginer, economist Victor HAGIU pe santierele dumneavoastra in calitate de responsabil RTE , impreuna cu un colectiv de persoane cu inalta calificare, va reprezenta acea indrumare competenta pentru a executa lucrari de constructie care sa fie recunoscute si decontate beneficiarului.

E. RESPONSABIL CU URMARIREA CURENTA SI SPECIALA A COMPORTARII IN EXPLOATARE A CONSTRUCTIILOR

Aceasta activitate se bazeaza pe Autorizatia nr.08.04.0157/2004 emisa MLPTL emisa pe numele prof.dr.inginer, economist Victor Hagiu.

Urmarirea comportarii in exploatare a constructiilor se realizeaza in baza urmatoarelor acte normative:

• HG 766/1997 (M.O. 352/10.12.1997) – Regulamentul privind urmarirea comportarii in exploatare, interventiile in timp si postutilizarea constructiilor;



• Ordin MTCT nr.1010/2003 – Metodologie privind programul de urmarire in timp a comportarii constructiilor din punctul de vedere al cerintelor de functionare – indicativ MP. 031-03.

Conform acestor reglementari:

- Urmarirea comportarii in exploatare se aplica tuturor categoriilor de constructii si este obligatorie pentru toate persoanele juridice si fizice proprietari sau administratori de constructii.

- Obiectul urmaririi comportarii in exploatare a constructiilor si interventiilor in timp este evaluarea starii tehnice a construtiilor si mentinerea aptitudinii de exploatare pe toata durata de existenta a acestora.

- Urmarirea speciala cuprinde investigatii regulate, periodice adupra constructiilor speciale (baraje, turnuri de racire, poduri) si constructiilor de importanta deosebita. Se efectueaza de catre personal tehnic de specialitate atestat.

Prof. dr.inginer, economist Victor Hagiu impreuna cu un colectiv de persoane cu inalta calificare va poate asigura serviciul mai sus mentionat la nivel de competenta ridicat.

Abous us

Oferim servicii de proiectare complete pentru cladiri de locuit, pensiuni, sedii administrative, etc.:

• documentatie pentru obtinerea autorizatiei de constructie,
• documentatie necesara obtinerii avizelor,
• proiectare arhitecturala,
• proiectare structura de rezistenta,
• proiectare instalatii electrice, termice, sanitare.

Activitatile mai sus mentionate sunt realizate de personal cu inalta calificare profesionala si academica. Asiguram consultanta pe toata perioada de elaborare a proiectului, urmarirea, controlul executiei si receptia finala. Oferim servicii de executie constructii civile, industriale, administrative etc. Executia se asigura cu personal muncitor cu inalta calificare care au executat lucrari in tara si in strainatate. Personal ingineresc cu inalta calificare profesionala si academica care va asigura exigenta maxima privind calitatea materialelor puse in opera si exigenta maxima a executiei. Executia lucrarilor realizate de muncitori necalificati si fara experienta precum si lipsa supravegherii si controlului cu personal ingineresc exigent si inalta calificare, conduce la defecte majore atat pentru partea de constructie cat si pentru partea de instalatii. Remadierea acestor defecte costa foarte mult si uneori nu se pot elimina.

Useful information// Necessary documentation for the execution of constructions

1. What represents the town planning certificate?
2. What represents the building permit?
3. What are the notices and the additional agreements?
4. Specific terminology

1. The town planning certificate (CU)

Document issued by the city hall to which the building belongs that offers information related to the conditions of construction from the region like:
- the features of the region where the settlement is found;
- the urban requirements that must be fulfilled (the exact height of the building, the percent of the land that must be occupied by the building, the limit withdrawals related to the limit of the propriety, etc.)
- the list of notices and necessary agreements for the authorization of the execution of works of construction.
The town planning certificate is valid until 6 and 24 months since the issue and doesn’t substitute the building permit. The maximum legal duration since the request for issuance is maximum 30 days.

2. The building permit (DTAC)

Represents the document issued by the local public authority on the basis of which, is ensured the application of the measures provided by the law related to the settlement, design, execution and functioning of the constructions. Only on the basis of this, the works of construction can be executed.
The authorization fee represents a percent of 0,5% from the authorized investment.
The legal term for obtaining the building permit is 30 days since the submission of the whole file.

3. Notices and additional agreements

Through the town planning certificate, the local public administration establishes the notices and necessary agreements in the process of authorization of the works of construction.

The notices and agreements are divided in two categories: the ones obtained by the issuer of the building permit and the one obtained by the demander.

The notices and the necessary agreements in the process of authorization of the works of construction, established by the town planning certificate are obtained by the issuer of the building permit, as well as by the demander, as appropriate.

By the issuance of the town planning certificate, the local public administration establishes among others, the list comprising the notices and the legal agreements, necessary for the authorization.

Notices obtained by the issuer of the building permit

The data sheet is the document with value of a corresponding notice that comprises the notice of the administrator/supplier of urban utilities (water, sewage, energy, gases, heating, telecommunications, sanitation, urban transport, including for the restrictions imposed by the energetic or technologic transport networks from the region of the settlement, as appropriate), respectively of the decentralized institutions provided by the Law (for the safety on fire, civil protection, environment protection and of the health of population) expressed on the basis of the data extracted by the designer from the project for the authorization of the execution of works of construction and that fundaments the procedure of issue of the unique code.

These notices are the responsibility of the issuer of building permit.

The law no. 50/1991 regarding to the authorization of the execution of the works of construction, binds the issuer of the building permit to inform the demander related to the legal fees necessary for the notification of the documentation. In this way, the companies supplying utilities have the obligation on the basis of the minutes concluded with the authority of the local public administration to calculate the fees for notices (on types of works and capacities – according to the own regulations), the way of payment and the accounts, where these have to be paid, with the purpose of authorization.

The unique agreement is the document with the value of a corresponding notice, issued only on the basis of the data sheets and includes the notices and the favorable agreements for the urban utilities, as well as the ones related to the safety on fire, civil protection, environment protection and health of humans. On the basis of the unique agreement can be issued the building permit.

Notices and agreements obtained by the demander of the building permit

Through the town planning certificate, the public administration can demand other notices and agreements that must be obtained by the demander and that refer to the regions upon which it was instituted a kind of protection regime or restrictions of building (the protection of the natural regions; protection of the historical monuments; regions with air traffic, the neighborhood of constructions and assemblies with military character; roads; electric and telecommunication networks; gas transmission pipelines, and oil products; railways and waterways; watercourses; water stations; sources and water administrations, land improvements etc.).

These notices are issued according to the legal provisions in force and specific to each field of activity of the notice issuers.

a. Specific notices/agreements

• the notices of the authorities of the central public administration issued by the Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism, Ministry of Culture and Worships, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment and Water Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development, Ministry of National Defense – the General Major State, the Ministry of Administration and Interior, The Romanian Secret Service, the National Company “Romanian Waters”-S.A., The Civil Romanian Aeronautical Authority or by other bodies of the central public administration or of the decentralized services of these, as appropriate according to the legal provisions in force, according to the possible relation with the investment.
• necessary for special situations, as a consequence of the special conditions of settlement or of the functionality of investment;

Explanations related to the content of the documentations regarding the obtaining the notices/agreements specific can be obtained from the competent compartments of the mentioned authorities.

• the notice of the Ministry of Culture and Worships – is issued for the approval of the town planning documents (P.U.Z. and P.U.D.) that comprises monuments, assemblies or historical sites, including the areas of their protections. The notices will be used only for the authorization of the works of construction;
• the notice of the technical expert for the quality request Af- notice of the technical expert for the quality request Af (resistance and stability of the foundation soils of the construction and of the solid earth), related to the works for the support of excavations and infrastructure to the constructions that need the execution of excavations with the depth of 6,0 m or bigger. The notice is expressed by another person other than the project checker for the Af. Requirement, for the part of the project;
• the notice for the permanent or temporary removal from the agricultural circuit

b. the notice/agreement of the State inspectorate of Constructions

The State Inspectorate of Constructions directly, or by the Territorial Inspectorates in Constructions, as appropriate, according to the legal provisions in force and according to the Regulations of Organization and Functioning issues the following notices/agreements:

• approves the technical-economical documentations for the investment objectives financed from public funds, the technical-economical documentation corresponding to the new investment objectives, financed from public funds or from external credits, contracted or guaranteed by the state with bigger or equal values of 10 billion lei as well as the technical-economical documentation for the works of repair, rehabilitations, consolidations, restorations of the present constructions financed from public funds, no mather the value, according to the provisions of the Government Decision No. 1.072/2003;

• approves the placing of ballast pits and quarries from the point of view of the protection of constructions from their neighborhood;
• approves the execution of constructions in the neighborhood of the national roads;
• issues agreements for the interventions upon the existent constructions;
• approves the solutions of immediate intervention for the provisory safety of the damaged constructions as a consequence of disasters, in the actions of operative intervention and restoration after disaster.

c. the notice of the initial designer of the construction or his report of technical expertise

The notice/report is issued/elaborated in the situation when is intended to execute only works that bring modifications to the existent constructions and has as purpose the determination of the conditions and necessary solutions for a favorable answer of its structure for the fulfillment of the resistance and stability requirement.

When the initial designer of the construction is not present, is mandatory the drawing up a report of technical expertise, elaborated by a certified technical expert, under the conditions of the law;

d. agreement of the neighbors

The agreement of the neighbors expressed in authentic form, is requested in the following situations:

• in case of the new placed constructions adjacent to the existent constructions or in the immediate neighborhood, only if the new works impose taking some intervention measures for the protection of the existent buildings (underpinnings, consolidations etc.) and if by the project is maintained this obligativity;
• in case of the placing of new constructions with other functions than the ones of the buildings in the neighborhood and if by the nature of the activities accommodated by these is produced pollution of any kind (noxa, noise, vibrations etc.);
• for works that have as purpose the change of destination of living of the individual buildings or collective or some parts of these, as well as the spaces with other destination from the same building, of by the nature of the activities is produced pollution of any kind (noxa, noise, vibrations etc.)

In the situation in which, once with the building permit is demanded the authorization of the organization of the execution of works, the demander will submit the specific notices too: circulation notices, notice for the temporary occupation of the public field, sanitary notice, and notice/contract with the sanitation company etc.

4. Specific terminology

PUZ = urban area planning;
PUD = urban planning in detail;
built area = the projection of the ground floor on the soil without to take into consideration the terraces and the open balconies;
developed area = the surface gathered of all the built areas corresponding to the total number of the levels;
POT (the percent of occupation of the land) = ratio between the built area and the total surface of the land;
CUT (occupancy factor) = ratio between the developed surface and surface of the land.

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